Beginner's guide

So you're getting into miniature painting

Whether you're painting Warhammer, D&D figures, or just cool models you found online — the choice that trips up every new painter isn't technique, it's the paint aisle. Citadel vs. Vallejo vs. Army Painter: each has fans who'll argue forever. This guide tells you which to start with, what else you need, and what to ignore for now.

By Colin B. · Published May 22, 2026 · Last reviewed May 22, 2026

The 60-second version

If you only buy 3 things to start:

  1. Vallejo Game Color Introduction Set (16 colors) — Vallejo Game Color starter set — 16 essential colors, dropper bottles, better value than Citadel.
  2. Army Painter Hobby Starter Brush Set — Army Painter brush set — every size you need for base-coating, detail, and dry-brushing under $15.
  3. Reaper Miniatures Learn to Paint Kit: Core Skills — Reaper Learn to Paint Kit — minis, paints, brushes, and a guide in one box. The no-decision first step.
Budget total
$55
Typical total
$100
A solid starter setup — paints, brushes, primer, and your first minis — runs $55–100. The ongoing cost is paint pots and new models, not a major restock.
At a glance

Our top pick in each category

The fastest path through this guide — each best-starter pick by category. Scroll for the budget and upgrade alternatives.

CategoryTop pickPriceWhere to buy
PaintsVallejoVallejo Game Color Introduction Set (16 colors)$$ See on Amazon →
BrushesArmy PainterArmy Painter Hobby Starter Brush Set$ See on Amazon →
PrimerArmy PainterArmy Painter Color Primer — Matt Black$ See on Amazon →
Starter MiniaturesReaper MiniaturesReaper Miniatures Learn to Paint Kit: Core Skills$$ See on Amazon →
Tools & AccessoriesRedgrass GamesRedgrass Games Everlasting Wet Palette (Painter Lite)$$ See on Amazon →
Before you buy anything

A few things worth knowing first

Don't start on Warhammer 40K or Age of Sigmar army boxes. They're multi-part plastic kits that need assembly, and they're expensive enough that ruining one feels bad. Start on Reaper Bones or a Learn to Paint kit — they're cheap, beginner-tolerant, and you'll know you love the hobby before you've spent $150.

Pick one paint brand and stay with it for your first 20 models. Citadel, Vallejo, and Army Painter are all genuinely good. They're slightly different to work with, but any one of them teaches you everything you need to know. The brush habits and dilution instincts you build transfer perfectly when you eventually try another brand.

You need fewer colors than you think. Twelve to sixteen covers most fantasy and sci-fi schemes. Don't buy 50 pots on day one — buy a starter set, figure out what you're missing, then add exactly those.

The gear

What you actually need

white and black labeled bottle on white table

Photo by Elena Mozhvilo on Unsplash

Paints

Paint brand is the first debate every new painter falls into, and it runs hot. The honest answer: they're all good, they're all slightly different, and you should pick one and learn it. Citadel is the GW house brand — enormous tutorial support, wide distribution, great coverage, but expensive per pot and comes in flip-top pots that dry at the lip. Vallejo is a Spanish brand beloved by military modelers — dropper-bottle delivery is more precise, slightly better consistency, better value per ml. Army Painter is the affordable entry with a compatible ecosystem (primer, washes, brushes that all work together). We recommend Vallejo for value. If your first tutorial is a Citadel paint-by-paint walkthrough, use Citadel — the skill transfers when you eventually switch.

Paints — what's the difference?

A few common shapes, each making a different trade.

Vallejo

Dropper bottles, excellent consistency, best value per ml.

Format
17ml dropper
Coverage
Thin — layers easily
Tutorial support
Good (YouTube)

Best for Most beginners, value-focused painters, layering and blending

Tradeoff Fewer in-store tutorials; GW staff won't know it

↓ See our pick
Citadel (GW)

Thick, opaque, with the widest tutorial ecosystem.

Format
12ml flip-top pot
Coverage
Thick — great single-coat base
Tutorial support
Enormous (Warhammer TV, YouTube)

Best for Warhammer painters, anyone following GW tutorials step by step

Tradeoff Most expensive per ml; pots dry at the lip if left open

↓ See our pick
Army Painter

Compatible ecosystem — primer, washes, and brushes all designed together.

Format
18ml dropper
Coverage
Medium
Tutorial support
Moderate

Best for Beginners who want one brand for everything

Tradeoff Paints are good, not great — most painters eventually switch brands as their preferences develop

Best starter
Vallejo

Vallejo Game Color Introduction Set (16 colors)

$$

Sixteen essential colors in 17ml dropper bottles — way more precise than Citadel pots, and better pigment-to-price ratio across the board. The range covers every base color you need for fantasy and sci-fi painting. Slightly thinner consistency than Citadel means they layer and blend with less effort.

Watch out for: Dropper bottles need a light shake before use — the pigment settles. One drop per brush load; these are concentrated.

See on Amazon →
Budget pick
Army Painter

Army Painter Wargames Hobby Starter Paint Set

$

The most beginner-friendly entry in terms of ecosystem — Army Painter sells matching primer, washes, and brushes designed to work together. The paints are solid without being exceptional. If you want a complete, color-matched system for the lowest dollar and don't want to think about compatibility, this is it.

See on Amazon →
Upgrade pick
Games Workshop

Citadel Base Paint Set

$$$

Citadel's base paints are the thickest, most opaque in the range — designed to cover primer in a single coat. If you're following GW tutorials step by step, or if you're in a GW store with staff who can help, this is the native language. Every color is dialed in for one purpose.

Watch out for: The flip-top pots dry out faster than dropper bottles. Keep a wet palette, add a couple drops of water to the pot lid while painting, or decant into dropper bottles.

See on Amazon →
Close-up of several paint brushes on a white surface.

Photo by Danielle-Claude Bélanger on Unsplash

Brushes

Brushes matter more than most beginners expect, and bad brushes are a frustrating invisible tax on your work. You don't need expensive kolinsky sable for your first model, but you do need brushes that hold a point. Sizes 0, 1, and 2 cover 90% of miniature work — a size 1 for most painting, a size 0 for fine detail, and something larger for base-coating big surfaces and dry-brushing. Buy a purpose-built miniature brush set, not general craft store brushes.

Best starter
Army Painter

Army Painter Hobby Starter Brush Set

$

A purpose-built miniature brush set with sizes specifically chosen for base-coating, detail work, and dry-brushing — not a generic art set repackaged. Synthetic, so they last a reasonable amount of time even with rough treatment. Much better than hardware-store brushes at the same price point.

See on Amazon →
Budget pick
DUGATO

DUGATO Fine Detail Paint Brush Set (15-pack)

$

Cheap enough to buy without guilt and run hard while learning technique. Triangular ergonomic handles, a full range of sizes including sizes 0 through 3, and marketed specifically for miniature painting. Good for someone who wants variety before they know which sizes they actually use.

See on Amazon →
Upgrade pick
Winsor & Newton

Winsor & Newton Series 7 Miniature Brush (size 1)

$$$

The upgrade everyone eventually makes. Kolinsky sable, legendary point retention, holds significantly more paint than synthetics — which means fewer reloads and smoother lines. A single Series 7 size 1 outperforms a set of cheap brushes for detail work. When you're serious, this changes your output.

Watch out for: Buy one to start — figure out which size you actually use most before buying a full set. Most painters land on size 1 or 0 as their workhorse.

See on Amazon →

Primer

Primer is non-negotiable for hard plastic and metal minis. Paint won't stick to bare plastic — it'll rub off within days. Black primer is the classic for dark armor and grim-dark schemes; grey is more forgiving for colorful fantasy minis; white gives you the brightest colors but shows every mistake. Spray primer gives you the most even coverage and is the right call outdoors on a mild day. The one exception: Reaper Bones (soft PVC) can be painted directly without primer.

Best starter
Army Painter

Army Painter Color Primer — Matt Black

$

The go-to spray primer in the miniature painting community. Consistent, thin coverage that bonds to plastic and metal without obscuring fine detail. Dries fully matte. One can primes 30–50 infantry models. Black is the default for fantasy and sci-fi — it speeds up shading because the recesses are already dark.

Watch out for: Never spray below 50°F (10°C) or in high humidity — the finish turns grainy. Pick a dry, mild day.

See on Amazon →
Specialty pick
Games Workshop

Citadel Chaos Black Spray

$$

GW's house primer — slightly pricier than Army Painter but available at every GW store and most local hobby shops. Excellent thin coverage, works seamlessly with the Citadel paint range. If you're buying Citadel paints and want the guaranteed-compatible primer, this is it.

See on Amazon →
photo of knight riding dragon action figure

Photo by Jack B on Unsplash

Starter Miniatures

Don't start on expensive army boxes. Start on minis you won't feel bad about ruining. Reaper Bones — soft PVC fantasy miniatures — are the gold standard beginner choice: cheap, wide variety, forgiving of imprecise brushwork, and they don't need primer (which makes them even easier to start). Once you've finished 5–10 Bones minis, you'll know whether you want to step up to hard plastic (GW boxes) or metal models — and you'll have the fundamentals to do it well.

Best starter
Reaper Miniatures

Reaper Miniatures Learn to Paint Kit: Core Skills

$$

Three Bones minis, paints chosen for them, brushes, and an illustrated step-by-step guide — all in one box. The most zero-decision way to start. The minis are well-chosen for beginner practice, and the guide is a real walkthrough, not a promotional brochure. Most beginners who start here finish all three minis and immediately want more.

See on Amazon →
Budget pick
Reaper Miniatures

Reaper Denizens of the Dungeon Boxed Set

$

Ten classic Bones monsters (bugbear, orc, skeleton, gnoll, kobolds, goblins) at a price low enough that ruining one feels inconsequential. The variety of body shapes and equipment gives you different surfaces to practice: robes for soft folds, armor for edge-highlighting, faces for skin tones. The right second purchase after the Learn to Paint Kit.

See on Amazon →
Upgrade pick
Games Workshop

Warhammer Age of Sigmar: Spearhead — Stormcast Eternals

$$$

Once you've painted 5–10 Reaper minis and want the real thing, Stormcast Eternals are the entry point. Beautifully detailed hard plastic, a strong online community, and a gold-blue color scheme that teaches edge-highlighting and contrast work. More rewarding than Bones when finished.

Watch out for: Multi-part plastic kits require assembly with plastic glue before painting. Don't start here on day one — assemble and prime after you have a few Bones minis under your belt.

See on Amazon →
a craft box filled with lots of crafting supplies

Photo by James McKinven on Unsplash

Tools & Accessories

A wet palette is the single upgrade with the biggest impact on your day-to-day painting. Paint on a wet palette stays workable for hours instead of drying in minutes on a tile — you'll waste less, mix more precisely, and paint smoother. You also need sprue cutters to remove minis from their sprues cleanly (scissors crush the plastic), and a wash (like Agrax Earthshade) to add instant depth to any base-coated model. Washes are the beginner superpower: base coat a model, apply wash, suddenly you have shading that would otherwise take hours.

Best starter
Redgrass Games

Redgrass Games Everlasting Wet Palette (Painter Lite)

$$

The wet palette the entire community recommends. A foam insert saturated with water under hydration paper keeps paint workable for full sessions. You'll use dramatically less paint, mix colors on the fly, and stop finding dried-out puddles at the end of every session. The Painter Lite is the right size for most painting setups.

Watch out for: Change the water and rinse the foam every week — mold grows in stagnant water. Replacement paper packs are cheap and last 20–30 sessions.

See on Amazon →
Budget pick
Xuron

Xuron 2175 Maxi-Shear Flush Sprue Cutter

$

The industry-standard sprue cutter for miniature assembly. The flat-blade design means one side sits flush against the model — you get clean gate removal without the white stress marks you get from side-cutters or scissors. Under $15 and will outlast fifty boxes of minis.

See on Amazon →
Specialty pick
Games Workshop

Citadel Shade: Agrax Earthshade

$

The single most useful pot in any miniature painter's collection. Apply it over a base-coated model and it flows into the recesses, creating instant depth and shadow. Works on leather, skin, wood, stone, and earth tones — anything brown-adjacent. Combine with Nuln Oil (the black equivalent for metal and dark surfaces) and you have two washes that cover 80% of everything you'll ever paint.

See on Amazon →
Going deeper

Your first month of miniature painting

Most first-time painters overthink paint brands and underthink actually finishing a model. Learn the three-step loop — base coat, wash, highlight — and your first month takes care of itself.

Read the guide →
Save your money

What you don't need yet

Beginners get pressured to buy a lot of stuff that doesn't help them play better. Here's what we'd skip on day one.

  • An airbrush — Opens up smooth gradients and fast base-coating, but it's a $200+ setup with its own learning curve. Get 20 painted models under your belt first.
  • 50+ paint colors — You can paint almost anything with 12–16 colors and some mixing. Buying a hundred pots before you have preferences is just buying dried-out lids.
  • A magnification visor or camera arm — Nice gear for advanced detail work, irrelevant for your first models. Your eye is better than you think without magnification.
  • A resin 3D printer for minis — A separate hobby that happens to produce things you can paint. Satisfying eventually, but it doubles your learning curve before you've painted anything.
  • A full Warhammer army box — 100+ models before you know if you love the hobby, all needing assembly, at $200+. Start with 5–10 minis and scale up when you're sure.
First week

Your first seven days

A short, real plan to get from gear-on-doorstep to actually playing.

  1. Order the Reaper Learn to Paint Kit — it has everything in one box and removes all first-session decisions. · Buy
  2. Watch one full beginner tutorial before opening the box. · Learn
  3. Prime your mini (or skip primer for Reaper Bones — they can be painted directly). · Action
  4. Base coat every surface with flat colors before adding any detail. Flat first, depth second. · Action
  5. Apply Agrax Earthshade over the whole model and watch depth appear. This is the moment most people get hooked. · Action
  6. Finish the model completely, even if it looks rough. Completion teaches more than abandonment. · Action
FAQ

Common questions

Do I need Citadel paints to paint Warhammer miniatures?

No — Citadel paints are Games Workshop's house brand with enormous tutorial support, but Vallejo and Army Painter are completely compatible and cheaper. If you're following a Citadel-specific tutorial step by step, Citadel is convenient. Otherwise, Vallejo is the better value.

How long does it take to paint a miniature?

A simple infantry model (like a Reaper Bones skeleton) takes 1–3 hours as a beginner. A centerpiece model (a dragon, a hero) can take 5–20 hours. Most people's first model takes about 3–4 hours including drying time.

Should I prime Reaper Bones miniatures?

No — Reaper Bones are soft PVC and can be painted directly. Primer can actually clog fine detail on Bones. For hard plastic (GW models) and metal minis, primer is mandatory — paint won't stick without it.

What's the best way to thin paints?

Water works fine, but distilled water is better than tap (no minerals to affect adhesion). The general rule: thin until the paint flows like skim milk, not cream. On a wet palette, the paper naturally thins your paint slightly, which is part of why it's so useful.

Is miniature painting expensive to start?

Less than most people expect — $55–100 gets you properly started. The ongoing cost is paint pots and new minis, but $20–30 a month keeps you fully active in the hobby.

Where do beginners share work and get feedback?

r/minipainting on Reddit is one of the most encouraging hobby communities on the internet — beginners are celebrated, not criticized. Also r/Warhammer if you're going the GW route, and #miniaturepainting on Instagram for inspiration.

Going further

Where to next

Authoritative sources

  • Miniac (YouTube) — The gold standard beginner channel. Fast, opinionated, beautifully produced. Start with his 'How to Start Painting Miniatures' series — the best 30 minutes you can spend before picking up a brush.
  • Goobertown Hobbies (YouTube) — Calmer and more conversational than Miniac. Great for brush technique, brush care, and learning to slow down. Pairs well with Miniac as a second resource.
  • Warhammer TV (YouTube) — GW's official channel. Free full tutorials for specific models and techniques — paint-by-paint walkthroughs for every faction's signature look. Essential if you're painting GW miniatures.
  • r/minipainting — The most beginner-friendly community in the hobby. Post your first attempts — the feedback is constructive, the encouragement is genuine, and the wiki has solid technique resources.
  • Reaper Miniatures — Best source for cheap, beginner-tolerant practice minis. The Learn to Paint kits are where most people start. Individual Bones minis are cheap enough to buy without overthinking it.
  • Warhammer Community — GW's content hub. Free painting guides, step-by-step articles for every faction's color scheme, and technique breakdowns. Useful even if you're not playing GW games.