Beginner's guide

So you're getting into retro gaming

Retro gaming sits at the intersection of nostalgia, hardware hunting, and the occasional repair project. You can start with one console and a CRT for under $100, and the hobby scales as far as you want. Here's what to buy first, and the expensive rabbit holes worth skipping until you know you're in.

By Colin B. · Published June 6, 2026 · Last reviewed June 6, 2026

The 60-second version

If you only buy 3 things to start:

  1. 8BitDo SN30 Pro+ Bluetooth Controller — Works wirelessly with SNES, N64, Switch, and PC. Buy one and cover your whole collection.
  2. Sega Genesis Mini 2 — The easiest no-CRT-required way into Genesis collecting, with 60 licensed games built in.
  3. MG Chemicals 99.9% Isopropyl Alcohol — 99.9% isopropyl: the only cleaning solution you need for cartridges and controller contacts.
Budget total
$80
Typical total
$250
One console, a composite-to-HDMI adapter, and a handful of games gets you started around $80. Add a real upscaler and you're at $200-300.

We earn commission on qualifying Amazon purchases — see our affiliate disclosure. Price tiers and budget totals shown above are editorial estimates; actual Amazon prices vary.

At a glance

Our top pick in each category

The fastest path through this guide — each best-starter pick by category. Scroll for the budget and upgrade alternatives.

CategoryTop pickPriceWhere to buy
Starter SystemSegaSega Genesis Mini 2$$ See on Amazon →
Controllers8BitDo8BitDo SN30 Pro+ Bluetooth Controller$$ See on Amazon →
Video OutputPound TechnologyPound Technology HD Link Cable for SNES$ See on Amazon →
Cleaning & MaintenanceMG ChemicalsMG Chemicals 99.9% Isopropyl Alcohol$ See on Amazon →
Storage & DisplayMediaxpoMediaxpo Universal Game Cartridge Cases (50-pack)$ See on Amazon →
Before you buy anything

A few things worth knowing first

Pick one system before buying anything. The retro collecting rabbit hole has no floor. A focused collection of 30 SNES games beats a chaotic pile spread across eight systems.

Amazon is rarely the right place to buy original hardware. Local thrift stores, Facebook Marketplace, and eBay will beat Amazon prices on consoles by 30-60%. Use Amazon for accessories, cables, and cleaning supplies.

The CRT question is real but not urgent. Retro games look best on a CRT: zero input lag, correct aspect ratio, natural scanlines. A decent upscaler on a modern TV is genuinely good and much easier. Start with the upscaler route; revisit CRTs once you know you're committed.

The gear

What you actually need

Starter System

The most important decision in retro collecting is which era you want to live in. Each generation has different hardware prices, game library sizes, and community depth. Most beginners do best starting with one 16-bit console (SNES or Genesis), where the games are abundant, cheap, and genuinely excellent. The mini consoles below are a good sanity check before you invest in original hardware.

Starter System — what's the difference?

A few common shapes, each making a different trade.

8-bit Era (NES, Atari)

Cheapest hardware; game prices range from $3 to $300 depending on rarity.

Era
1977–1990
Typical game
$3–$60 loose

Best for Pure nostalgia hunters; thrift store bargain diving

Tradeoff Rare titles now command steep prices; stick to common games to start

16-bit Era (SNES, Genesis)

The sweet spot: deep libraries, affordable common titles.

Era
1989–1996
Typical game
$5–$40 loose

Best for First-time collectors; best games-per-dollar ratio of any era

Tradeoff Complete-in-box copies command a big premium; buy loose to start

↓ See our pick
5th Gen (N64, PS1, Saturn)

3D gaming begins. PS1 is cheap; N64 and Saturn are pricey.

Era
1994–2002
Typical game
$5–$120 depending on system

Best for PS1 collectors (huge, affordable library); Saturn is specialist territory

Tradeoff N64 prices spiked sharply; budget $40+ even for common titles

6th Gen (PS2, GameCube, Dreamcast)

Most modern retro era. PS2 has the biggest library ever made.

Era
1998–2006
Typical game
$5–$50 most titles

Best for Collectors who grew up with these systems; easiest library to enter

Tradeoff Too recent for consistent thrift-store bargains; eBay competition is stiff

Best starter
Sega

Sega Genesis Mini 2

$$

Sixty licensed games including Sonic the Hedgehog 2, Castlevania: Bloodlines, and Shinobi III, with HDMI output built in. No CRT hunting, no upscaler needed. It's how you test whether collecting clicks for you before investing in original hardware and proper cables.

What we like

  • 60 licensed games including Sonic 2, Castlevania: Bloodlines, and Shinobi III
  • HDMI output built in; plug into any TV and play immediately
  • Officially licensed with proper controller feel and build quality

What to know

  • No cartridge slot; you can't play games you find thrift hunting
  • Fixed library; impossible to expand without original hardware
Budget pick
Atari

Atari Flashback 9 Gold

$

Eighty classic Atari 2600 and 7800 games in one box, including Centipede, Missile Command, and Adventure. The Atari era is where collecting started for many people, and under $40 this is the cheapest possible entry into the hobby. Paddle controllers for Breakout are included.

What we like

  • 80 games including Centipede, Missile Command, and Adventure
  • Under $40; the cheapest possible taste of retro collecting
  • Paddle controllers for Breakout and Kaboom included in the box

What to know

  • Atari 2600 games show their age more than NES or SNES titles
  • Build quality feels budget; not a lasting piece of hardware
Upgrade pick
Hyperkin

Hyperkin RetroN 5

$$$

Accepts original cartridges from NES, SNES, Genesis, Game Boy, and Game Boy Advance and outputs HDMI to your TV. The Swiss Army knife for a mixed collection. Buy original carts at thrift stores and garage sales and play them all on one box without hunting for a CRT.

What we like

  • Plays NES, SNES, Genesis, Game Boy, and GBA carts in one box
  • HDMI output with upscaling; no separate adapter needed
  • Save states on original cartridges, something original hardware can't do

What to know

  • Emulation-based; noticeable input lag in fast-action games
  • Occasional incompatibility with certain licensed cartridges

Controllers

Original hardware is best played with original controllers, but OEM controllers from the 1990s are getting old. Rubber membranes in D-pads degrade, sticks develop drift, and buttons lose their click. 8BitDo has solved this problem with modern reproductions that feel right and connect wirelessly to original consoles (via a Retro Receiver) or directly to PC and Switch.

Best starter
8BitDo

8BitDo SN30 Pro+ Bluetooth Controller

$$

Connects wirelessly to SNES, Switch, Android, and PC via Bluetooth, or wired via USB. The D-pad quality matches the original SNES pad, the build quality is excellent, and one controller covers your entire collection. The default choice for any retro setup.

What we like

  • D-pad rivals the original SNES controller, arguably better
  • Bluetooth covers SNES, Switch, Android, and PC out of the box
  • 20-hour battery; charges via USB-C

What to know

  • Slightly larger than original SNES pad; different feel for longtime fans
  • Bluetooth pairing occasionally drops on older Android firmware
Budget pick
8BitDo

8BitDo Micro Bluetooth Gamepad

$

The smallest Bluetooth gamepad 8BitDo makes, under $25, connecting to everything the SN30 Pro+ does. It's the travel controller and the backup for a guest. Not ergonomic for marathon sessions, but perfect for casual play.

What we like

  • Under $25 and fits in a shirt pocket
  • Bluetooth covers iOS, Android, Switch, and PC

What to know

  • No analog sticks; digital-only games only
  • Too small for long sessions; hand fatigue hits fast after an hour
Upgrade pick
8BitDo

8BitDo Retro Receiver for SNES Classic

$$

Plugs into your SNES Classic Mini and lets it accept any 8BitDo or DualShock 3/4 wireless controller. One tiny dongle and your Mini takes wireless input, freeing you from a four-foot cable. Essential once you have the Mini set up for dedicated couch play.

What we like

  • No hardware modification; plugs straight into the controller port
  • Works with 8BitDo, DualShock 3/4, and Xbox controllers wirelessly

What to know

  • Sold separately for SNES vs NES; buy the right model for your console
  • Adds 1-2 frames of input lag; noticeable in precision platformers
black crt tv on red and white floral textile

Photo by Olena Bohovyk on Unsplash

Video Output

This is the most consequential and confusing purchase in retro gaming. Retro consoles output analog signals (composite, S-Video, or RGB) and your TV wants HDMI. The cheap solution is a $15 composite-to-HDMI box; it works but looks soft. The enthusiast solution is an OSSC or RetroTink that properly converts the console's native 240p signal without the blur. Start cheap, upgrade when the image quality starts to bother you.

Video Output — what's the difference?

A few common shapes, each making a different trade.

Composite

Worst quality but supported by every retro console ever made.

Cable colors
Yellow/Red/White
Image quality
240p, soft and blurry

Best for Getting started cheaply; composite-to-HDMI boxes work fine as a first step

Tradeoff Color bleed and softness are inherent to the signal, not the converter

S-Video

Big step up from composite on SNES, N64, PS1, and Dreamcast.

Cable type
4-pin S-Video to upscaler
Image quality
Sharp 240p, no color bleed

Best for SNES and N64 owners who want better image without buying an OSSC

Tradeoff Needs an S-Video cable plus a compatible upscaler; not all consoles support it

RGB via Upscaler

The enthusiast standard. Best analog output available from retro hardware.

Hardware needed
SCART cable + OSSC or RetroTink
Image quality
Near-CRT quality at 1080p

Best for Serious collectors who want the closest experience to original hardware

Tradeoff Most expensive route; some consoles need an RGB mod to output this signal

Best starter
Pound Technology

Pound Technology HD Link Cable for SNES

$

A single cable that plugs into an original SNES and outputs HDMI directly. No external box, no power supply, no configuration. Image quality beats generic composite adapters because it taps the console's RGB signal, and it costs under $30. The no-friction first display upgrade for SNES collectors.

What we like

  • Plugs directly into original SNES; no box or power supply needed
  • Better image than composite adapters; taps the SNES RGB signal
  • Under $30; the cheapest worthwhile display upgrade for SNES

What to know

  • SNES only; does not work with N64, GameCube, or any other console
  • No scanline filters or scaling options for purists
Budget pick
Portta

Generic Composite to HDMI Converter

$

If you have a composite-output console (yellow/red/white cables) and just want to play on a modern TV without spending much, this does the job. Image quality is noticeably softer than the Pound cable, but it works with every retro console ever made. Under $20.

What we like

  • Works with every console that has composite output, which is nearly all of them
  • Under $20; zero commitment while you figure out your display setup

What to know

  • Noticeably soft and blurry; 240p content looks worse than on a CRT
  • Some units introduce slight audio delay on certain TVs
Upgrade pick
RetroTink

RetroTINK-2X Multiformat

$$$

The most accessible RetroTink upscaler and a genuine step up from both composite adapters and console-specific HDMI cables. Accepts composite, S-Video, and component input from any retro console and outputs clean 480p/720p/1080p. Simple setup: plug in, select your input, play. The standard recommendation for collectors who want real image quality without complex configuration.

What we like

  • Accepts composite, S-Video, and component from any retro console
  • Simple plug-and-play setup with no complex configuration menus
  • Real image quality step up from both composite boxes and console cables

What to know

  • Outputs 480p, not 1080p; upgrade to RetroTink-5X for higher resolution
  • More expensive than generic adapters; worth it, but commit to the hobby first

Cleaning & Maintenance

Every cartridge you buy used needs cleaning before it goes in your console. Dirty contacts cause games to crash, show garbled graphics, or not load at all. Ninety percent of broken-seeming retro games are just dirty. A bottle of high-purity isopropyl alcohol and some cotton swabs will solve most problems. DeoxIT is the next step for stubborn contacts in controller ports and cartridge slots.

Best starter
MG Chemicals

MG Chemicals 99.9% Isopropyl Alcohol

$

99.9% purity IPA is the gold standard for cleaning cartridge contacts, PCBs, and controller ports. Evaporates completely, leaves no residue, and is safe for all retro hardware. Apply with a cotton swab, let dry 30 seconds, and you're done. Buy one bottle and clean everything you find.

What we like

  • 99.9% purity evaporates clean with zero residue on PCBs or contacts
  • Fixes most broken carts; dirty contacts cause 90% of loading failures
  • Works on cartridges, controller ports, boards, and optical drives

What to know

  • Flammable; store away from heat sources and open flames
  • Doesn't fix physically bent pins or deep corrosion
Upgrade pick
Caig

DeoxIT D5 Contact Cleaner

$$

When IPA alone isn't enough, DeoxIT is the next step. It chemically removes oxidation from metal contacts and leaves a thin protective film that prevents re-oxidation. The go-to for stubborn controller ports, cartridge connectors, and power jacks that still misbehave after a proper IPA cleaning.

What we like

  • Removes oxidation that IPA can't touch; the fix for stubborn connections
  • Leaves anti-oxidation film to keep contacts clean longer
  • Works on power jacks, cartridge slots, and controller ports

What to know

  • Excess residue needs IPA follow-up to remove; use sparingly
  • Overkill for most cartridge cleaning; IPA handles 90% of cases
Specialty pick
1UPcard

1UPcard Video Game Cleaning Kit

$

Includes cleaning cards and fluid designed specifically for retro cartridge contacts. The cleaning card reaches the full contact strip width in NES, SNES, and Genesis carts better than a cotton swab can. Good kit if you want everything assembled for you rather than sourcing IPA and swabs separately.

What we like

  • Shaped tool reaches the full contact strip without cotton fuzz
  • Everything in one kit; no separate sourcing required

What to know

  • Proprietary solution; you'll run out and need IPA anyway
  • Less versatile than a bottle of 99.9% IPA for non-cartridge cleaning

Storage & Display

Cartridges without protective cases develop scratched labels and bent contacts over time. A small collection can live in a shoebox, but once you hit 30-50 games proper storage pays off: you can find what you want to play, and you protect your investment. Display shelves serve a practical function too: games you can see are games you actually play.

Best starter
Mediaxpo

Mediaxpo Universal Game Cartridge Cases (50-pack)

$

Clear plastic sleeves that fit over SNES, Genesis, and N64 cartridges to protect labels and contacts. A 50-pack runs under $20 and covers a starter collection twice over. Slip a cart in when you buy it and you'll never worry about label damage again.

What we like

  • Clear plastic shows label through the sleeve; no blind guessing
  • Under $20 for 50 sleeves; protects your whole starter collection

What to know

  • Sleeves add bulk; some storage solutions don't fit sleeved carts
  • Fit varies by console; check sizing before buying in bulk
Upgrade pick
GALVANOX

GALVANOX Illuminated Acrylic Floating Shelf

$$

Cordless illuminated acrylic shelf that mounts to the wall and displays cartridges upright so you can read every label at a glance. Built-in LED lighting turns the collection into room decor without running a power cord to the shelf. Two shelves hold a solid starter collection and the setup genuinely transforms a box of games into something worth showing people.

What we like

  • Cartridges displayed upright so every label is readable at a glance
  • LED backlighting turns the shelf into legitimate room decor

What to know

  • Requires wall mounting; measure stud spacing before ordering
  • LED needs a nearby outlet; factor cable management into placement
Going deeper

Your first month of retro game collecting

Most beginners buy the wrong thing first and spend the next month untangling it. Here's the order that actually makes sense: system, display, cleaning, then collecting.

Read the guide →
Save your money

What you don't need yet

Beginners get pressured to buy a lot of stuff that doesn't help them play better. Here's what we'd skip on day one.

  • An RGB-modded console — RGB mods improve image quality but cost $100-200 in parts and labor. Start with a composite adapter and upgrade when image quality actually bothers you.
  • Complete-in-box copies — CIB games cost 3-5x more than loose cartridges. Play loose games first; collect boxed copies later if presentation matters to you.
  • A soldering station — Most retro hardware repairs need only cleaning and contact work. Buy a cheap iron if you ever need one; a $200 Hakko is overkill unless you're doing chip-level repairs.
  • Everdrives and flash carts — Flash carts let you play an entire system's library from an SD card. Incredibly useful once you know the system well. Buy them after 6 months, not day one.
  • Multiple systems at once — Pick one system and build a real collection. Splitting attention across NES, SNES, and Genesis simultaneously means you never get deep into any of them.
  • Graded games (WATA or VGA) — Professionally graded sealed games are speculative investments with nothing to do with actually playing retro games. Ignore this market entirely until you're deep in the hobby.
First week

Your first seven days

A short, real plan to get from gear-on-doorstep to actually playing.

  1. Pick your system. SNES or Genesis for 16-bit; PS1 for 5th gen on a budget; PS2 if you want the biggest possible library. · Action
  2. Check local thrift stores, Goodwill, and Facebook Marketplace for hardware before Amazon. You'll save 30-60% on the console itself. · Action
  3. Order cleaning supplies so they arrive before your first cartridges do. · Buy
  4. Look up prices on PriceCharting before you buy anything. Thrift stores are increasingly price-aware. · Learn
  5. Clean every cartridge you buy before it goes in the console. IPA and a cotton swab, every single time. · Action
  6. Join r/gamecollecting and browse the weekly haul threads to calibrate prices in your area. · Learn
  7. Set a monthly budget before you start thrifting. The first wave of finds is intoxicating and the spending adds up fast. · Action
FAQ

Common questions

Where should I actually buy retro games and hardware?

In this order: local thrift stores (hit-or-miss but cheapest), Facebook Marketplace (negotiable, local pickup), eBay (widest selection, market price), and video game stores with retro sections. Amazon is usually overpriced for original hardware. Always check PriceCharting.com before buying anything expensive.

Do I need a CRT TV to enjoy retro games?

No, but it helps. A CRT has zero input lag, correct aspect ratio, and natural scanlines that make 16-bit games look exactly as intended. A good upscaler on a modern TV is genuinely good and much easier. Start with an upscaler; revisit CRTs after 6 months if image quality matters to you.

How do I know if a cartridge is authentic or a reproduction?

Weight, screw type, and PCB. Real Nintendo carts use tri-wing screws (not Phillips); reproductions often use regular screws. Open the cart and look at the board: authentic boards have clean silk-screen printing and chip branding. Reproductions usually have bare green PCBs with no markings. For expensive games, always open and inspect before paying.

What's the best first system for someone new to retro collecting?

SNES or Sega Genesis. The libraries are massive, hardware is cheap and reliable, games are plentiful at thrift stores, and common titles cost $5-20. Both systems have strong communities and decades of documentation. SNES if you lean toward RPGs and platformers; Genesis if you want action games and a broader sports library.

Are retro games a good investment?

Common games are not. Rare games that were always rare have appreciated, but most collecting returns less than index funds. The right reason to collect retro games is because you love playing them or curating a meaningful personal library. Collecting to flip is how you end up with 800 games and no real satisfaction.

How do I know what a game is worth before I buy it?

PriceCharting.com tracks completed eBay sales for every retro game and platform. Check the loose price (cart only), complete price (cart plus box plus manual), and new price (sealed). Always check before buying something pricey. Thrift stores are increasingly aware of game values; don't assume a thrift price is a deal.

Going further

Where to next

Browse by category

Authoritative sources

  • PriceCharting — The standard price database for retro games, updated from completed eBay sales. Check before buying or selling anything.
  • r/gamecollecting — Active subreddit for collectors. Weekly haul threads, price checks, trades, and discussion. Good signal on current market trends.
  • RetroRGB — The definitive guide to getting the best video output from every retro console. Upscaler reviews, RGB mod guides, and console-specific wiring documentation.
  • My Life in Gaming (YouTube) — The best deep-dive channel on retro display tech, upscalers, and getting accurate video from original hardware. Essential viewing before buying an upscaler.
  • Gaming Historian (YouTube) — Long-form documentary history of specific games and consoles. Essential context for why certain games are valuable and culturally significant.
  • Hard4Games (YouTube) — Collecting guides, authentication tips, and deep dives on rare games. Strong content on spotting reproductions and understanding regional variants.
  • Digital Press — Long-running collector resource with rarity guides, variant documentation, and active community forums.